Chapter 15: The Gathering Storm

 Chapter 15: The Gathering Storm

Slavery in the Territories

  • Wilmot Proviso: David Wilmot’s speech → endorsed Texas Annexation as a slave state, but slavery must end in Mexico

  • Popular Sovereignty (aka Squatter Sovereignty): promised to open new land quickly to non-slaveholding farmers who can dominate the territories

  • Free-soilers

    • Free-soil party

    • A mix of van Burenite democrats, conscience whigs, and liberty party

    • Nominated Martin van Buren for president

    • Caused Democratic and Whig votes to be split

  • California Gold Rush

    • Greatest migration in American history

    • Gold discovered in Mexican province of California

    • Infusion of Golf triggered a surge of prosperity and dramatic growth in US economy

    • Shifted nation’s center of gravity westward

  • 49ers

    • West overland to California

    • Unmarried men

    • Miners

    • Not illegal to kill natives in mining camps


The Compromise of 1850

  • The compromise of 1850

    • South threatens succession

    • Leaders turn to Henry Clay

    • Clay fashioned the Missouri Compromise

  • The Great Debate

    • Clay presents to Congress a package of 8 resolutions

    • February 5-6, Clay promoted his 8 resolutions

    • March 4, John C. Calhoun blame North for inciting war

    • Daniel Webster does a speech on March 7 that brings a storm on his head

  • Stephen A Douglas

    • Illinois

    • Rescued Clay

    • Helped pick the 5 resolutions in the final compromise of 1850

  • Millard Fillmore: pronounced the five measures making up the compromise as final

  • Fugitive Slave Act

    • Allowed slave catchers to bring their slaves from North back South

    • Opened the temptation of slaveholders kidnapping free slaves

  • Uncle Tom’s Cabin

    • Harriet Beecher Stowe

    • Best selling novel


The Kansas-Nebraska Crisis

  • Gadsden Purchase: $10 million land offering to Mexico to get land good enough for railroads

  • Kansas-Nebraska Act

    • Congress allows these 2 territories to be eligible for statehood

    • Douglas championed for popular sovereignty

  • Anthony Burns: last fugitive slave to be returned from Boston

  • Know Nothing

    • The American Party

    • Response to the Catholic immigrants

    • Promoting denial of citizenship to newcomers

  • Republican Party: conscience whigs, independent democrats, and free soilers

  • Bleeding Kansas

    • pro-slavery forces flood Kansas during a census causing popular sovereignty

    • Kansas became a slave state

    • Certain towns like Topeka and Lawrence were free-state towns

  • Joh Brown

    • Zealous abolitionist

    • Mentally insatiable

    • Believed slavery was the most wicked of sins

  • Pottawatomie Massacre: guerrilla war in Kansas by John Brown and his sons

  • Sumner Brooks: Sumner singles out Andrew Pickens → Butler (South Carolina) for censure → Butler has a cousin, Preston S. Brooks → Brooks kills Simner by beating him with a cane

  • Election of 1856

    • Millard Fillmore and William H. Seward and James Buchanan (Pennsylvania)

    • Buchanan wins → first unmarried president (state rights and territorial expansion


The Deepening Sectional Crisis

  • Dred Scott v Sandford

    • Slave born, Dred Scott (Virginia) tries to apply for citizenship once master dies

    • Supreme Court ruled against him

    • “Lacked legal standing” purely because he was a former slave

    • Shows congress trying to preserve slavery

  • Lecompton Constitutions: a constitution claiming Kansas as a slave state

  • Panic of 1857

    • National financial crisis due to the reduction in foreign demand for American grain, overly aggressive railroad construction, too many manufactured goods, and confusions caused by the state banknote system

    • North blames it on the tariff of 1857

  • Lincoln Douglas Debates: Whatever the supreme court says about slavery could not exist anywhere unless supported by local police regulations

  • Freeport Doctrine (Douglas): whatever the supreme says about slavery could not exist anywhere unless supported by local police regulations

  • Harper’s Ferry

    • Brown raids Harper’s Ferry, Virginia

    • Mostly a fail as few slaves understood the situation


The Center comes Apart

  • Election of 1860: Abraham Lincoln wins via electoral college

  • Secession

    • Lincoln’s victory trigger white southerners to secede

    • South Cao succeeds first

    • Ordinance of Secession 

    • Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded by 1 February 1861

    • Buchanan sends a steamer (Star of the West) that Fort Sumter → confederates fire  



Chapter 16 was skipped

Chapter 17

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