Chapter 7: The Federalist Era

 Chapter 7: The Federalist Era

  • The constitution was ratified in 1788

  • Geroge Washington (1789): first president of the US

  • French erupt in Revolution against the monarch


A New Nation

  • ⅕ of the population were African Americans; most lived in the south

  • George Washington (president) - John Adams (Vice President)

  • Washington was reluctant; wanted to work with NYC

  • Inaugural Adress: national unity

  • Washington had more staff at his plantation than the presidency

  • Thomas Jefferson: Department of the Treasury with Alexander Hamilton

  • John Jay: First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

  • Bill of Rights

    • Protects individual freedoms, states’ rights, and civil liberties

    • James Madison

    • May 1789

  • The first eight Amendments to the constitution provide safeguards for specific rights of individuals

  • The 9th and 10th Amendments = specific demand statements

  • 1st amendment: religious freedom


Hamilton’s Financial Vision

  • Federal tariff (tax on imports)

  • Report on Public Credit #1

    • Dealt with the $79 million debt from the Revolutionary War

      • 1. Funding the federal debt at a face value

      • 2. Declared that the federal government should assume state debts from the revolution

  • South had lass debt, so they wanted to only pay their share

  • Washington D. C.: 

    • Potomac river

    • Federal city

  • Successful

  • Reports on Public Credit #2: liquor tax to raise revenue to help repay the nation's debt

  • Reports on manufacturers: an extensive program of government aid and other encouragement to stimulate manufacture to lessen dependence on imports

  • Bank of the United States ⇒ 

    • Safety

    • Loans

    • Manage money supply

  • President’s implied powers: Washington signs the bill and sides with Hamilton

  • 1790s: Treasury department began to pay back Revolutionary War debts


The Republican Alternative

  • Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans

  • Thomas Jefferson

    • Head of the Republicans

    • Virginia

    • Science, arts, and humanities

    • 7 languages

    • Architect

    • Music and violin

    • Optimist and visionary

    • Loved France

    • Resigned in 1793

  • Hamilton: British Inspired


Crises Foreigns and Domestic

  • French Revolution

    • July 1789: the storming of the Bastille

    • Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens

    • Transformed into a monster

    • Terror of 1793-1794

    • America neutral

  • Jefferson (for France) - Adams (against France)

  • (1778) Treaty of Alliance: the US was a perpetual ally of France

  • Citizen Genet

    • French dude (South Carolina)

    • Became an embarrassment

    • Killed

  • Neutrality Proclamation: 

    • Washington wishes to stay neutral in the French Revolution

    • Hamilton vs Jefferson

  • Renewed tension against Great Britain

  • Jay’s Treaty: no military products on neutral ships ⇔ Britain returning stolen goods and leaving their forts in the US

  • Washington fears the separation of the Union

  • General Anthony Wayne: explores western lands ⇒ Treaty of Greenville after Battle of Fallen Timbers

  • Whiskey Rebellion

    • Backcountry farmers felt invaded because the Whiskey Tax → burned the houses of tax collectors

    • George Washington leads an army to suppress the chaos

  • Pinckney’s Treaty

    • Spain and US resolving boundary lines

    • 31st parallel


Settlement of New Land

  • Rendered interest in moving west

  • Land Act of 1796: $2 per acre of land with bigger plot of land, but less time to pay off the land

  • Land Act of 1804: $1.64 per acre


Transfer of Power

  • 2 terms

  • New National Government, secure National Treasury, recovery of British and Spanish territory, and stable Northwest frontiers

    • 3 new states

      • Vermont (1791)

      • Kentucky (1792)

      • Tennessee (1796)

  • Washington’s farewells address

    • Called for unity

    • Do not do permanent alliances

  • Election of 1796: John Adams (President) and Thomas Jefferson (Vice President)


The Adams Administration

  • John Adams

    • Massachusetts lawyer

    • Revolution leader

    • Diplomat in France, Holland, and Britain

  • XYZ affair: French diplomats won’t negotiate with America unless the US pays $250,000 in bribe money

  • Congress suspends the 1778 Treaty of Alliance

  • US Navy

    • 1798: Departement of the Navy

    • 6 armed ships

    • 3 new ships

      • Constitution

      • United States

      • Constellation

  • 3 years of service

  • George Washington (commander) → Hamilton (2nd commander)

  • Undeclared Naval Wars

  • Partisan battles under Adams: federalists vs republicans

  • Alien and Sedition Acts

    • Limited freedom of speech for the press and liberty to aliens (foreigners)

    • Greatest mistake in Adam’s presidency

  • Kentucky and Virginia Resolution: denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts

  • Nullification: destined to be used for the causes unforeseen by their authors

  • Election of 1800 ⇒ Jefferson wins

  • Judiciary Act of 1801 ⇒ Federalists filled many spots in the government office


Timeline:

  • 1778: Treaty of Alliance

  • 1788: Consitution ratified

  • 1789: 

    • George Washington

    • Bill of Rights

    • Storming of the Bastille

  • 1790: begins paying back Rev. War debts

  • 1791: Vermont

  • 1792: Kentucky

  • 1793: 

    • Jefferson resigns

    • Terror of 1793-1794

  • 1796: 

    • Land Act of 1796

    • Tennessee

    • Election Year

  • 1798: Dept. of Navy

  • 1800: Election year → Jefferson 

  • 1801: Judiciary Act of 1801

  • 1804: Land Act of 1804



Chapter 8

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