Chapter 2: Britain and its Colonies

 Chapter 2: Britain and its Colonies

  • Queen Elizabeth (Tudor monarch)

  • Had colonies in America

    • New England

    • Jamestown

    • Middle and South groups


The English Background

  • Magna Carta: Freedom for all on the level with or below the law

  • Parlament could only change taxes 

  • Joint-stock companies: Virginia Company

  • James → First of the Stuart monarchs

  • King Charles

    • Centralised government

    • Beheaded

  • Oliver Cromwell: fills King Charles's place

  • Charles II

    • Flexible

    • Works with Parliament

  • James II: Difficult

  • William and Mary: Give royal rights up to Parliament


Settling the Chesapeake

  • Tobacco

  • Didn’t know how to farm

  • Powhatan Indians: Agricultural

  • “No work, No eat” ~ John Smith

  • Disease and Starvation

  • Indentured Servants: Those that work several years in return for the passage to the colony

  • Headright: Guaranteed land upon arrival (about 50 acres)

  • Bacon’s Rebellion: Poor got together to fight the aristocrats

  • Maryland

    • Privately owned

    • Did better in a shorter amount of time


Settling New England

  • Middle-class families

  • Colder climate = disease control

  • Puritans (specifically Separatists)

  • William Bradford

    • Mayflower

    • Plymouth

  • Mayflower Compact

  • Squanto: Indian who taught the Englishmen

  • Massachusetts Bay Colony 

    • Have Congregationalists

    • Self-governing

    • Moved Headquarters to Massachusetts

  • John Winthrop → Arbella

  • General Court: two to three deputies represented each town

  • Roger William

    • Rhode Island

    • Criticized his MA brothers

    • Banished

    • Later established the RI colony

  • Rhode Island (RI)

    • Freedom of religion

    • Prohibited residents from “invading and molesting” the Indians

  • (1652), Rhode Island outlawed slavery

  • Anne Hutchinson

    • Accused of heresy

    • Banished from MA

  • New England expands

    • Thomas Hooker → Connecticut (CT)

    • Sir Ferdinando Gorges → Maine (ME)

    • John Mason → New Hampshire (NH)


Indians in New England

  • English subordination towards natives over collaboration

  • Maine: Abenakis (hunter gatherers)

  • Alogonquian tribes: More horticultural

  • Smallpox devastated the Indians

  • Pequot War: Pequot tribe vs the English

  • Treaty of Hartford

  • King Philips War


Settling the Carolinas

  • Proprietary lands: King gave land to loyal allies of the crown

  • Charles II: 1660

  • Albemarle: NC area

  • Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

  • Natives start becoming slaves

The Middle Colonies and Georgia

  • Dutch

    • Expand too fast

    • Henry Hudson

  • English conquered the Dutch property

  • Fort Christina

  • Partoonship: Stockholders can obtain large estates

  • New Amsterdam was ethnically diverse

  • Sephardi

    • Jews of Spanish-Portuguese decent

    • They were not welcomed by the Dutch

  • Iroquois allied with the English and outnumbered the Dutch to exploit the Beaver trade

  • Warfare in the North East

  • New Jersey compromise of East and West Jersey

    • Under proprietary rule

    • Sir Georger Carteret (east)

    • Lord John Berkeley (west)

  • Quakers

    • George Fox found it in 1647

    • Embraced pacifism

    • Thee and thou

  • Pennsylvania (1681): Cordial to the Indians

  • William Penn

    • Founded PA

    • Learned an indigenous language

  • Georgia (1733)

    • Last to be established

    • General James E. Oglethorpe

    • Savannah, GA

    • Laws against rum and slavery were established but later discarded

    • Good commerce

    • Goods:

      • Rice

      • Indigo

      • Lumber

      • Beef

      • Pork


Thriving Colonies

  • Spanish and French paved the way 

  • The English thrived

  • English were more welcoming

  • Spain wanted to conquer natives

  • French wanted to trade

  • English wanted to Stay for living purposes



Timeline:

  • 1647: Quakers

  • 1652: Rhode Island outlawed slavery

  • 1660: Charles II

  • 1681: Pennsylvania

  • 1733: Georgia



Chapter 3

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